2nd Assigment

1. Perfect Present Tenses

Perfect Present Tenses digunakan untuk menerangkan peristiwa atau kegiatan atau kejadian yang telah terjadi saat sekarang tetapi tidak diketahui dengan pasti waktunya.

Formula :
(+) Subject + Have/Has + Verb3 + Object
(?) Have/Has + Subject + Verb3 + Object
(-) Subject + Haven't/Hasn't + Verb3 + Object

Example :
(+) I have seen Linda
(?) Have you had breakfast?
(-) I haven't seen Albert

2. Present Perfect Continouse Tense

Present Perfect Continouse Tense digunakan untuk menerangkan peristiwa yang telah terjadi dan masih sedang berlangsung.

Formula :
(+) Subject + Have/Has been + Infinitive + -ing + Object
(?) Have/Has + Subject + Been + Infinitive + -ing + Object
(-) Subject + Haven't/Hasn't been + Infinitive + -ing + Object

Example :
(+) I have been sitting here since eleven o'clock
(?) Have you been reading since morning?
(-) I haven't been sitting here since eleven o'clock

3. Past Perfect Tense

Menekankan lamanya durasi suatu kejadian yang sudah berlangsung sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lampau (untuk kalimat nominal).

 Formula : 
(+) Subject + had + been + Infinitive + Keterangan Waktu
(-) Subject + had + been +not + Infinitive + Keterangan Waktu
(?) Had + Subject + been + Infinitive + Keterangan Waktu?

Example :

(+)  He had been in the dermatory for two years.

(-)   He had not been in the dermatory for two years.

(?)  Had he been in the dermatory for two years? 

4. Past Perfect Continouse Tense

Menekankan lamanya durasi kegiatan yang telah berlangsung  ketika kejadian lain terjadi di masa lampau.

Formula :

(+) Subject + had + been + Verb1 + ing + Object + Keterangan Waktu

(-)  Subject + had + not +been + Verb1 + ing + obj + Keterangan Waktu

(?)  Had + Subject + been + Verb1 + ing + Keterangan Waktu

Example :

(+) Donald had been smoking for fifteen years when he decided to give it up.

(-) Donald had not been smoking for fifteen years when he decided to give it up.

(?) Had Donald been smoking for fifteen years when he decided to give it up?

Sumber : Idi Supono, Widie Cahya. 2004. Panduan Menguasai 16 Tenses. Jakarta : Kawan Pustaka